python3◆django2开发一个简单的人员管理系统过程详解

① 环境搭建

$ pip install Django==2.2.12

创建Django项目：在终端或命令行中执行以下命令：

$ django-admin startproject management  # 这里'management'是项目名称,可以任意更改

创建Django应用：在终端或命令行中执行以下命令：

$ cd management/
$ python manage.py startapp person  # 这里'person'是应用名称,可以任意更改

数据库配置：在项目的settings.py中,找到DATABASES,修改默认的数据库配置,如下示例：

DATABASES = {
'default': {
    'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.mysql',
    'NAME': 'management',
    'USER': 'root',
    'PASSWORD': '123456',  # 这里需要替换成你自己的数据库密码
    'HOST': '12⑦0.0.1',
    'PORT': '',
}
}

在应用person中,新建models.py文件,定义Person模型类.例如：

from django.db import models

class Person(models.Model):
name = models.CharField(max_length=128)
age = models.IntegerField()
gender = models.CharField(max_length=16)
address = models.CharField(max_length=256)

在应用person中,新建views.py文件.定义Person视图函数,用于实现对Person模型类进行增删改查操作.例如：

from django.shortcuts import render, redirect
from .models import Person

def person_list(request):
persons = Person.objects.all()
return render(request, 'person_list.html', {'persons': persons})

def person_add(request):
if request.method == 'POST':
    name = request.POST['name']
    age = request.POST['age']
    gender = request.POST['gender']
    address = request.POST['address']
    person = Person(name=name, age=age, gender=gender, address=address)
    person.save()
    return redirect('person_list')

return render(request, 'person_add.html')

def person_edit(request, id):
person = Person.objects.get(id=id)
if request.method == 'POST':
    person.name = request.POST['name']
    person.age = request.POST['age']
    person.gender = request.POST['gender']
    person.address = request.POST['address']
    person.save()
    return redirect('person_list')

return render(request, 'person_edit.html', {'person': person})

def person_delete(request, id):
person = Person.objects.get(id=id)
person.delete()
return redirect('person_list')

在应用person中,新建urls.py文件.定义Person URL.例如：

from django.urls import path
from .views import person_list, person_add, person_edit, person_delete

urlpatterns = [
path('', person_list, name='person_list'),
path('add/', person_add, name='person_add'),
path('edit//', person_edit, name='person_edit'),
path('delete//', person_delete, name='person_delete')
]

在项目中urls.py中,添加Person URL.

from django.contrib import admin
from django.urls import path, include

urlpatterns = [
path('admin/', admin.site.urls),
path('person/', include('person.urls'))
]

创建templates文件夹,用于存放html模板文件.

在templates文件夹中,新建person_list.html、person_add.html、person_edit.html文件

person_list.html：

{% extends 'base.html' %}

{% block content %}
  
Person List
  Add Person
  
      {% for person in persons %}
      
      {% endfor %}
  

  

      

          
Name
          
Age
          
Gender
          
Address
          
Operation
      
  
  

          
{{ person.name }}
          
{{ person.age }}
          
{{ person.gender }}
          
{{ person.address }}
          

            Edit
            Delete
          
      
  
{% endblock %}

person_add.html：

{% extends 'base.html' %}

{% block content %}
  
Add Person
  

  {% csrf_token %}
  Name:
  

  Age:
  

  Gender:
  

  Address:
  

  
  
{% endblock %}

person_edit.html：

{% extends 'base.html' %}

{% block content %}
  
Edit Person
  

  {% csrf_token %}
  Name:
  

  Age:
  

  Gender:
  

  Address:
  

  
  
{% endblock %}

在终端或命令行中,执行以下命令,启动Django服务器：

$ python manage.py runserver

示例说明：

示例1：新增Person信息

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